Unit Conversions Reference

A quick reference for the unit conversions that come up most often in physics and chemistry. Values marked with ≈ are standard rounded approximations; everything else is exact by definition.

Length

UnitEquals
1 kilometer1000 meters
1 meter100 centimeters
1 centimeter10 millimeters
1 inch2.54 centimeters
1 foot12 inches (30.48 centimeters)
1 mile≈ 1.609 kilometers
1 nanometer10-9 meters
1 angstrom10-10 meters

Mass

UnitEquals
1 kilogram1000 grams
1 gram1000 milligrams
1 metric ton (tonne)1000 kilograms
1 pound≈ 0.4536 kilograms
1 atomic mass unit (u)≈ 1.66 × 10-27 kilograms

Time

UnitEquals
1 minute60 seconds
1 hour60 minutes (3600 seconds)
1 day24 hours (86,400 seconds)
1 year (365 days)≈ 3.15 × 107 seconds

Energy

UnitEquals
1 calorie4.184 joules
1 kilocalorie (food Calorie)4184 joules
1 electronvolt (eV)≈ 1.602 × 10-19 joules
1 kilowatt-hour (kWh)3.6 × 106 joules

Common SI prefixes

PrefixSymbolFactor
gigaG109
megaM106
kilok103
centic10-2
millim10-3
microµ10-6
nanon10-9
picop10-12