Skin Depth Calculator: Skin Depth vs Frequency

Enter a frequency to get the skin depth in copper, or change the conductivity and permeability for another metal.

Calculator

S/m
Skin depth δ
2.09 µm
Same, in mm
0.00209 mm

Type numbers like 4.7, 0.002 or 2e-3. Results are rounded to 4 significant figures.

The formulas

δ=1πfμσ\delta = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\pi f \mu \sigma}}

δ in metres, f in hertz, σ in S/m and μ = μr μ₀, with μ₀ = 4π × 10⁻⁷ H/m.

  • It applies to a good conductor (σ ≫ ωε), where the fields fall to 1/e of their surface value at a depth δ.
  • Skin depth goes as 1/√f: four times the frequency halves it.

Learn the topic